System restart / reboot
sudo systemctl reboot
Zip files in directory into its own archive
for file in your_file_name*; do zip ${file%}.zip $file; rm $file; done
Create a directory and sub directories
mkdir -p one/two/three/four
Get the size of a directory
du -sh file_path
-s, --summarize
display only a total for each argument
-h, --human-readable
print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
-c, --total
produce a grand total
Show last lines from a log file
tail -n 1000 /var/log/mail.log | more
-n 100 = last 100 lines
more = to be able to view file line by line
Download a file
wget <http://domane.to.file.zip> -P </path/to/folder>
Lock remote access for root user
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
change: "PermitRootLogin yes" -> "PermitRootLogin no"
/etc/init.d/ssh reload
Show all users (ubuntu)
cat /etc/passwd | cut -d":" -f1
(etc/shadow - users file)
Lock user for login
passwd <username> -l
unlock user for login
passwd <username> -u
Grant executing rights to the current user
chmod +x (datei)
Change folder or file owner
chown <newowner> -R /path/
-R recursive
Unpack tar-archive
tar xf [ARCHIV].tar
- x unpack
- f File
Create tar-archive
tar -cvzf /path/[ARCHIV].tgz /path/to/folde
Create a file
touch <filename>
Add user to the sudoers file
open Sudoers file (/etc/sudoers) and add:
...
# User privilege specification
<username> ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
Install rpm file
sudo rpm -i <filename>.rpm
Delete file or folder
rm -rf <ordername>
delete all files in current folder
rm -rf *
-r - recursive
-f - force (delete without warnings)
show current directory
pwd
show which sub-folders spend how much disk space
du -h --max-depth=1 </folder> | sort -hr
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format